What is Python

Basic Python Syntax with Examples

Let’s understand some important Python concepts using simple examples.

1. Print Statement

The print() function displays output on the screen.

Example:

print("Welcome to Python")
print(100)
print(10 + 20)

Output:

Welcome to Python
100
30

The print() function can display text, numbers, and the results of expressions.

2. Variables in Python

Variables are used to store data that can be accessed and processed later.

Example:

name = "Rahul"
age = 25
salary = 45000

print(name)
print(age)
print(salary)

In this example:

• name stores text.

• age stores an integer.

• salary stores a number.

Python automatically determines the data type based on the assigned value.

3. Data Types in Python

Python supports several built-in data types.

Understanding data types is an important step in learning Python programming.

4. If-Else Statements

Conditional statements allow a program to make decisions based on conditions.

Example:

marks = 75

if marks >= 40:
    print("Pass")
else:
    print("Fail")

Output:

Pass

Because the value of marks is 75, the condition marks >= 40 is true, so Python displays “Pass”.

5. Loops in Python

Loops are used to repeat a block of code.

Example using a for loop:

for i in range(1, 6):
    print(i)

Output:

1
2
3
4
5

The range(1, 6) function generates numbers from 1 to 5. The loop prints each number one by one.

6. Functions in Python

Functions are reusable blocks of code that perform a particular task.

Example:

def add_numbers(a, b):
    return a + b

result = add_numbers(10, 20)

print(result)

Output:

30

Here, add_numbers() accepts two values and returns their sum.

Functions make programs easier to organize, reuse, and maintain.

7. Lists in Python

A list stores multiple items in a single variable.

Example:

fruits = ["Apple", "Banana", "Mango"]

print(fruits)
print(fruits[0])

Output:

['Apple', 'Banana', 'Mango']
Apple

Python list indexing starts from zero, so fruits[0] returns the first item.

8. Dictionaries in Python

A dictionary stores information in key-value pairs.

Example:

student = {
    "name": "Rahul",
    "age": 20,
    "city": "Delhi"
}

print(student["name"])
print(student["age"])

Output:

Rahul
20

Dictionaries are useful when you want to store related information using descriptive keys.

9. File Handling in Python

Python can create, read, and write files. This is useful for working with text files, logs, and other data.

Example:

with open("example.txt", "w", encoding="utf-8") as file:
    file.write("Learning Python is useful.")

print("File created successfully.")

This example opens a file in write mode and writes text to it. If the file does not exist, Python creates it in the current working directory. If it already exists, its previous contents are overwritten.

10. Exception Handling in Python

Exception handling allows a program to manage errors without stopping unexpectedly.

Example:

try:
    number = int(input("Enter a number: "))
    print(100 / number)

except ValueError:
    print("Please enter a valid integer.")

except ZeroDivisionError:
    print("You cannot divide by zero.")

This program handles two possible errors:

• ValueError occurs if the input cannot be converted to an integer.

• ZeroDivisionError occurs if the user enters zero.

Exception handling makes programs more reliable and user-friendly.